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An astronomical complex or commemorative astronomical complex is a series of man-made structures with an astronomical purposes. It has been used when referring to a group of Megalithic structures that it is claimed show high precision astronomical alignments.〔Fialko, Vilma., Laporte, Juan Pedro., New Perspectives on Old Problems: Dynastic references for the Early Classic at Tikal. In Vision and Revision in Maya Studies, edited by F. Clancy and P. Harrison, pp. 33-66, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.〕 For the study of Archaeoastronomy, such complexes of similar structures are required for adequate measurement and calculation to ensure that similar celestial sightlines were intended by the designers. These arrangements have also been known as observational, ceremonial or ritual complexes with importance for the study of prehistoric cultures. The term has been used in the naming of various series of observatories used for observing the stars in modern times. ==Ancient astronomical complexes== Examples of suggested ancient astronomical complexes that may have been used as solar and lunar observatories include, in reverse-chronological order: ;Mesoamerica * The E-group ruins of a plaza with three temples and two viewing platforms at Uaxactún, near the Petén Basin, Guatemala, accredited to the Mayan civilization referred to as a ''Complejo Conmemorativo Astronomico''.〔(Rice, Prudence M., Maya political science: time, astronomy, and the cosmos, Page 87, University of Texas Press, 2004. )〕 ;Western Europe * It has been suggested that the grouping of stone circles and ridge-top cairns on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall compose a ritual or astronomical complex. * Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, United Kingdom.〔Hawkins, Gerald., Stonehenge Decoded, Nature, 200, 306-308, 1963〕 * The Callanish Complex of megaliths in the Hebrides islands.〔Hawkins, Gerald., Callanish, a Scottish Stonehenge, Science, 147, 127-130, 1965.〕〔(Heggie, D.C., Archaeoastronomy in the Old World, Decoding te Callanish Complex - A Progress Report )〕 * The series of recumbent stone circles in Aberdeenshire in the North East of Scotland, including Balquhain stone circle and the cupmarked stone on its west flank. * Wandlebury Hill, Portingbury Warren Mound in Portingbury Hills and a series of 11 marker stones including the Leper Stone in Cambridgeshire and Essex in England, also known as the Wandlebury Enigma or ''The Wandlebury-Hatfield Heath Astronomical Complex''. ;Central Europe * Goseck circle and other Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe ;Near East * The circular stone structure at Nabta Playa in Egypt dating to the 5th millennium BC, suggested as the ''oldest astronomical complex in the world''〔(Bauval, Robert., The Egypt Code, Page 277, Century, 2006 )〕 in 2006, then Atlit Yam was discovered in Israel in 2009, dated with certainty to at least 6300 BCE, at which point it was abandoned and submerged in the Mediterranean, but still being excavated and analyzed as of 2014. Atlit Yam has human skeletons ceremoniously buried, and is a small semi-circle of long, narrow uprighted stones etched with cupmarks. * Rogem Hiri, 40,000,000 kg of stone with a 'gate' or opening in the outer stone circle through which the sun rises on each Summer Solstice (with this 'gate' matching the Summer Solstice's sunrise even more accurately millennia ago), and a burial chamber in the center under two 5-tonne megaliths, a layer of circa 3,000 BCE exposed, with a surveyed but unexcavated, estimated 4,000 BCE, layer beneath. * Mnajdra and other Megalithic Temples of Malta, circa 3100 BCE and younger. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Astronomical complex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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